Neoplastic Diseases

Blood cancer (hematological malignancy) is understood as a disease that most often arises as a result of a disorder of germ blood-forming cells, from which a tumor cell population subsequently developed. This includes leukemia, lymphomas, multiple myelomas, myeloproliferative diseases and myelodysplastic syndrome.

Among tumor diseases treated at ÚHKT are mainly leukemias, both acute (acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)) and chronic (chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic (lymphatic) leukemia (CLL)).

Leukemia in general can be characterized as a disease characterized by tumor proliferation of one type of white blood cells, as a result of which normal blood formation is suppressed. This manifests itself in various nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, susceptibility to infections or bleeding manifestations.

Another type of hematological malignancy that we treat here is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It is characterized by ineffective blood formation, in which most blood cells die in the bone marrow and their amount in the blood is then reduced. Manifestations of MDS include anemia (fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath), susceptibility to infections and bleeding manifestations.

Last but not least, we also focus on the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases. They are characterized by excessive production of red blood cells, platelets or fibroblasts in the bone marrow. This group of diseases includes polycythemia vera (PV - polycytemia vera), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF).

Therapy for blood cancer depends on the type and stage of disease as well as other factors, such as for example the patient's age. Treatment most often proceeds through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation.

More information about individual diseases including patient brochures for download can be found on the pages of the Czech Leukemia Group – for life (CELL) and on the pages of Czech MDS Group.